اخلاق‌زدایی از جنایت ترحم‌آمیز: واکاوی جرم‌شناختی - فلسفی اتانازی غیرقابل ارادی نوزادان با تمرکز بر پرونده دکتر لئونارد آرتور

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد حقوق جزا و جرم‌شناسی، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بندرعباس، بندرعباس، ایران

2 دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد حقوق جزا و جرم‌شناسی ،دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بندرعباس، بندرعباس، ایران

3 استادیار گروه حقوق، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی واحد بندرعباس، بندرعباس، ایران

10.22081/phlq.2025.71947.1119

چکیده

نوشتار حاضر به بررسی پدیده‌ای حساس و مناقشه‌برانگیز می‌پردازد که در آن به حیات نوزادانی که به دلیل ناتوانی‌های شدید یا شرایط درمان‌ناپذیر توانایی تصمیم‌گیری ندارند، به شکل عامدانه پایان داده می‌شود. این پژوهش در تلاقی میان فلسفه حقوق، اخلاق زیستی و جرم‌شناسی انتقادی، به تحلیل چندبُعدی اتانازی ترحم‌آمیز می‌پردازد و می‌کوشد فراتر از دوگانه‌های سنتیِ اخلاقی - حقوقی، به فهم پیچیدگی‌های آن برسد.
مطالعه موردی اصلی مقاله، پروندۀ جنجالی دکتر لئونارد آرتور در بریتانیاست که سال ۱۹۸۱ به اتهام قتل عمد نوزادی با معلولیت شدید متهم و در نهایت تبرئه شد. این محاکمه، بحث‌های گسترده‌ای را در سطح عمومی و دانشگاهی برانگیخت و به پرسش‌هایی بنیادین درباره نیت، رنج، کرامت و مسئولیت کیفری در تصمیم‌گیری‌های پایان زندگی دامن زد. مقاله با روش نظری - تحلیلی و با بهره‌گیری از متون فلسفی، اسناد حقوقی، منابع اخلاق پزشکی و نظریه‌های جرم‌شناسی، در پنج بخش تنظیم شده است: مبانی نظری؛ تحلیل فلسفی قتل از سر ترحم؛ دیدگاه‌های جرم‌شناختی درباره انحراف و مسئولیت؛ تحلیل موردی محاکمۀ آرتور؛ و جمع‌بندی انتقادی.
یافته‌ها نشان می‌دهد حقوق کیفری کلاسیک، توان درک و داوری درباره این وضعیت اخلاقی را ندارد. مرز میان قتل و شفقت، سیال و زمینه‌مند است و نادیده‌گرفتن تجربه زیسته پزشکان و مراقبان، فهم ما را ناقص می‌کند. مقاله بر بازسازی هنجاری مفهوم مسئولیت کیفری و ضرورت رهیافتی میان‌رشته‌ای و زمینه‌محور در تحلیل چنین کنش‌های اخلاقی تأکید می‌کند.

کلیدواژه‌ها


عنوان مقاله [English]

De-moralization of Compassion-Motivated Crime: A Criminological-Philosophical Analysis of the Involuntary Euthanasia of Infants, with a Focus on the Case of Dr. Leonard Arthur

نویسندگان [English]

  • Afshin Daryabayan 1
  • nooshin Shakib 2
  • Mohsen Mahmoudi 3
1 Master’s Graduate in Criminal Law and Criminology, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas Branch, Bandar Abbas, Iran
2 Master’s Graduate in Criminal Law and Criminology, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas Branch, Bandar Abbas, Iran
3 Assistant Professor, Department of Law, Islamic Azad University, Bandar Abbas Branch, Bandar Abbas, Iran
چکیده [English]

This article, entitled “De-moralization of Compassion-Motivated Crime: A Criminological-Philosophical Analysis of the Involuntary Euthanasia of Infants, with a Focus on the Case of Dr. Leonard Arthur,” examines a sensitive and controversial phenomenon in which the lives of infants who, due to severe disabilities or incurable conditions, are unable to make decisions for themselves, are intentionally brought to an end. Situated at the intersection of the philosophy of law, bioethics, and critical criminology, this study provides a multidimensional analysis of compassionate euthanasia and seeks to move beyond traditional moral-legal dichotomies toward an understanding of its complexities. The primary case study of the article concerns the controversial case of Dr. Leonard Arthur in Britain, who was charged in 1981 with the murder of a neurologically paralyzed infant with severe disabilities and was ultimately acquitted. This trial generated extensive public and academic debate and ultimately gave rise to fundamental questions concerning intention, suffering, dignity, and criminal responsibility in end-of-life decision-making. The article is organized into five sections using a theoretical-analytical method and drawing upon philosophical texts, legal documents, medical ethics sources, and criminological theories: theoretical foundations, a philosophical analysis of mercy killing, criminological perspectives on deviance and responsibility, a case analysis of the Arthur trial, and a critical conclusion. The findings indicate that classical criminal law lacks the capacity to understand and adjudicate this moral situation. The boundary between killing and compassion is fluid and context-dependent, and disregarding the lived experiences of physicians and caregivers renders our understanding incomplete. The article emphasizes the normative reconstruction of the concept of criminal responsibility and the necessity of an interdisciplinary and context-based approach to the analysis of such ethical tensions.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Euthanasia
  • Bioethics
  • Groningen Protocol
  • Criminology
  • Dr. Leonard Arthur
  • Compassion
  • Philosophy of Law
  • Human Dignity
  • Criminal Responsibility
  • Infants
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