The European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act as the First Global Document in the Field of Governing the Online World

Document Type : Original Article

Author

P.hD. Medical Ethics and Law Research Center, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

10.22081/phlq.2025.70710.1083

Abstract

Artificial intelligence, one of the most prominent emerging technologies of nowadays, has significant potential to change and transform various dimensions of human life. While such novel technology offers new opportunities in various fields such as healthcare, transportation, education, etc., it also creates new major challenges for human rights. In its pioneering role in regulating artificial intelligence, the European Union drafted the first vivid proposal for an Artificial Intelligence Act in 2021. The aim of drafting it was to create a legal framework for the responsible development and use of artificial intelligence within the European Union. After about two years of negotiations, in December 2023, negotiators in the European Parliament and the Council of Europe finally reached a provisional agreement on the Artificial Intelligence Act, and at most, in February 2024, the Permanent Representatives Committee voted to approve the political agreement reached in 2023. Despite, many critics believe that the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act has failed to protect human rights and has not considered fundamental human rights principles. The question stricken to the mind now is whether or not the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act can be considered as a positive step towards regulating the well-use of artificial intelligence and the responsible use of this novel technology. The present research is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in research type. Overall, it can be depicted that the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act is a positive step towards regulating the use of artificial intelligence and the responsible hiring of the novel technology aforementioned. However, to ensure that law fully protects human rights, amendments must be made to it. Regarding measures such as limiting the scope of the national security exemption, increasing transparency obligations for law enforcement and immigration authorities, and making the list of high-risk systems more transparent, the European Union's Artificial Intelligence Act can become a truly powerful tool for protecting human rights in the age of artificial intelligence.

Keywords

References

بادینی، حسن؛ حسین‌زاده، مجید؛ محبی‌فرد، سمانه (1393). بررسی نظریه استفاده منصفانه قانونی (کلاسیک) در علائم تجاری توصیفی. پژوهشنامه بازرگانی، 19(73)، ص. 99-124.
Atluri, N. (2020). A Study on Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Human Resource Management. Studies In Indian Place Names, 40(58).
Batty, R. (2021). Trade Mark Infringement & Artificial Intelligence. New Zeal & Business Law Quarterly, 26(3).
Emruli, S. (2016). Trademark Protection, Absolute & Relative Grounds for Refusal of Trademark. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 192.
Gangjee, D.S. (2020). Eye, Robot: Artificial Intelligence &Trade Mark Registers. In: N. Bruun, G. Dinwoodie, M. Levin & A. Ohly (eds.), Transition &Coherence in Intellectual Property Law. Cambridge University Press.
Gongol, T. )2013). The preliminary ruling decision in the case of Google vs. Louis Vuitton concerning the adword service &its impact on the community law. Amfiteatru Economic Journal, 15(33).
Grynberg, M. (2019). AI & the Death of Trademark. Kentucky Law Journal, 108(2).
Howel, C. (2022). AI Regulation: Where do China, the EU, and the U.S. Stand Today? URL= https://www.foley.com/en/insights/publications/2022/08/ai-regulation-where-china-eu-us-stand-today
Hoy, M. (2018). Alexa, Siri, Cortana & more: an introduction to voice assistants. Medical reference services quarterly, 37(1).
Janssens, M.-Ch. (2021). Challenges of AI Technology to Basic Notions of Trademark Law. Una Europa Virtual Seminar: Mapping the Future of Law.
Kur, A. (2014). Trademark’s function, don’t they? CJEU jurisprudence &unfair competition principles. IIC-International Review of Intellectual Property & Competition Law, 45(4).
Ma, L. & Baohong, S. (2020). Machine learning &AI in marketing–Connecting computing power to human insights. International Journal of Research in Marketing, 37(3).
Randakevi-Alpman, J. (2021). The Role of Trademarks on Online Retail Platforms: An EU Trademark Law Perspective. GRUR International, 70(7).
Risse, M. (2021). The fourth generation of human rights: Epistemic rights in digital lifeworlds. Moral Philosophy and Politics, 8(2), p. 351-378.‏
Roan, M., Young, L., Rudeliu, K. & Weissbrodt, D. (2023). Study guide:freedom of religion or belief. University of Minnesota Human Rights Center.
Rodrigues, R. (2020). Legal And Human Rights Issues Of AI: Gaps, Challenges and Vulnerabilities. Journal Of Responsible Technology, 45(4).
Sevastianova, V. (2020). Trademark Functions in the Age of Voice Shopping: A Search Costs Perspective. Master’s thesis. Department of Accounting &Commercial Law, Hanken School of Economics.
Shnurenko, I., Murovana, T. & Kushchu, I. (2020). Artificial intelligence media and information literacy, human rights and freedom of expression. Thenextminds for the unesco institute for information technologies in education, no. 69.
Trappey, A., Trappey, Ch. & Lin, S. (2019). Detecting trademark image infringement using convolutional neural networks. Adv. Transdiscipl Eng., vol. 10.
West, A., Clifford, J. & Atkinson, D. (2018). Alexa, build me a brand’’ An Investigation into the impact of Artificial Intelligence on Branding. The Business & Management Review, 9(3).
White, M., Mogyoros, A. & Gangjee, D.S. (2020). IPO Artificial Intelligence &Intellectual Property: call for views-Trade Marks. Oxford Intellectual Property Research Centre Faculty of Law University of Oxford.
Wills, K. (2022). AI around the World: Intellectual Property Law Considerations & beyond. Journal of the Patent & Trademark Office Society, 102(2).
 
Journal of Philosophy of Law
Volume 3, Issue 2
October 2024
Pages 7-24

Files

History

  • Receive Date: 03 January 2025
  • Revise Date: 04 April 2025
  • Accept Date: 08 February 2025

Share

How to cite

Statistics