Reconsideration of International Human Rights in the Face of Humanitarian Crises: A Case Study of Gaza and Lebanon with an Approach to Allameh Tabataba'i's Thought

The main issue of the current research to debate is that despite the establishment of international human rights frameworks, including the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Geneva Conventions, and institutions such as the UN Human Rights Council, in practice, they have not been able to prevent the widespread occurrence of human rights violations in humanitarian crises. In many cases, due to the political pressures of global powers, they have even suffered from double standards and selective application of justice. The structural inefficiency has led researchers to look for new foundations to reform or strengthen international human rights. In this regard, the thoughts of Allameh Tabataba'i, a prominent Shi'i thinker, with his emphasis on justice, human dignity, and inherent ones, are introduced as a significant alternative and indigenous theoretical framework. The research method is descriptive-analytical and, with a qualitative approach, examines the legal and philosophical dimensions of the humanitarian crises in Gaza and Lebanon. Within this framework, by analyzing international instruments, documents and human rights reports of reputable international institutions, as well as extracting the theoretical foundations of Allameh Tabataba'i's thoughts from his interpretative and philosophical works, an attempt has been made to simultaneously clarify the relationship between Islamic theories on human rights and the practical challenges of international human rights. The research results show that Allameh Tabataba'i's thought regarding justice, human dignity, and divine nature, as inviolable and timeless principles, can offer deeper ethical and philosophical frameworks compared to conventional models of human rights. From Allameh's perspective, justice is not only a legal principle but also a general rule in the social and natural order that must be implemented both in normal times and in times of crisis. Also, the inherent dignity of human beings, which originates from the divine nature, establishes a universal status for all individuals without exception, which has been subject to changing and sometimes contradictory interpretations in many international human rights approaches. The inefficiency of global legal systems in protecting civilians in the crises of Gaza and Lebanon, in addition to structural reasons, is also due to the lack of a stable ethical foundation in international human rights. Integrating Allameh Tabataba'i's thoughts and ideas with international frameworks can offer new approaches that are both faithful to human and divine principles and, at the practical level, strengthen the ability to respond to humanitarian crises. Redefining human rights by relying on the values of justice, human dignity, and divine nature, along with creating global solidarity and especially the unity of Islamic countries in defending the rights of oppressed nations, can play an effective role in reducing humanitarian crises and pave the way for a more sustainable and just legal system.